timeshifter/zfs-backup
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timeshifter
2021-07-18 19:16:41 +02:00
parent 748ae2b098
commit f866e7f596
3 changed files with 243 additions and 0 deletions
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binaries.py
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ZFS = '/usr/bin/zfs'
ZPOOL = '/usr/bin/zpool'
CRYPTSETUP = '/usr/bin/cryptsetup'
config.py
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Name des lokalen Pools
local_pool = 'tank'
# Name der Backup-Platten und UUID der Partition
backup_pool = {
'backup1': '603eeae5-1f16-4d1f-8dc5-8b5368c0cdd4',
'backup2': '8632e9e4-3d6c-4627-8c28-ec72f52db281',
}
# Datasets, die nicht gesichert werden sollen
do_not_backup = [
'tank/cache',
'tank/docker',
]
# überprüfe ob neue Snapshots mit diesen String-Teilen vorliegen
snapshot_tag = ['znap', 'monthly']
# wie viele Snapshots von jedem Intervall sollen beibehalten werden?
# dies sollte der Serverkonfiguration zu zfs-auto-snapshots folgen
keep = {
'frequent' : 4,
'hourly' : 24,
'daily' : 31,
'weekly' : 8,
'monthly' : 12,
}
zfs-backup.py
Executable
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#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import os
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE, check_output
from binaries import ZFS, ZPOOL, CRYPTSETUP
import config
from sys import exit, stdout
import re
"""
Erstes Backup muss für alle notwendigen Datasets durchgeführt werden mit
# zfs send -Rv rpool/ROOT@zfs-auto-snap_daily-2018-06-14-1648 | zfs receive -dvF backup1
"""
class Command():
def __init__(self, command=[], strict=True):
process = Popen(command, stdout=PIPE)
self.stdout, self.stderr = process.communicate()
self.exit_code = process.wait()
if strict and self.exit_code != 0:
raise Exception('Kritisches Kommando fehlgeschlagen. Breche ab.')
def find_backup_pool():
print('Suche nach externer Festplatte für Backups')
present_uuids = Command(['ls', '/dev/disk/by-uuid'])
for key in list(config.backup_pool.keys()):
uuid = config.backup_pool[key]
if uuid in present_uuids.stdout.decode():
print('Gefundene Platte: ' + key)
return key
else:
raise IOError('Konnte keine Backup-Platte finden!')
def get_datasets_to_backup():
datasets_str = Command([ZFS, 'list', '-H', '-d', '1', '-o', 'name', config.local_pool]).stdout.strip().decode()
# we omit the first return value, which is the pool, not the dataset
datasets_list = datasets_str.split('\n')[1:]
to_backup = [d for d in datasets_list if d not in config.do_not_backup]
print('Folgende Datasets und alle darunter befindlichen Kinder werden gesichert:')
for tb in to_backup:
print(' ' + tb)
return to_backup
def get_snapshots(pool):
return Command([ZFS, 'list', '-r', '-t', 'snapshot', '-o', 'name', '-H', pool]).stdout.strip().decode().split('\n')
def last_snapshot(pool):
snapshots = get_snapshots(pool)
# check if the snapshot_tags appear in the snapshot name in order they are provided
relevant = [s for s in snapshots if re.search('@' + '.*'.join(config.snapshot_tag), s)]
# sort chronologically
relevant.sort()
# the most recent snapshot is the last one
try:
last_entry = relevant[-1]
# didn't find any snapshots at all
except IndexError:
return
last_snapshot = last_entry.strip().split('@')[-1]
return last_snapshot
def export_pool(pool):
container_name = 'crypt-' + pool
print('Exportiere Pool ' + pool)
Command([ZPOOL, 'export', pool])
print('Schließe verschlüsselten Container')
Command([CRYPTSETUP, 'close', container_name])
print('Fertig!')
print('Sie können die externe Festplatte jetzt entfernen.')
def import_pool(pool):
uuid = config.backup_pool[pool]
container_name = 'crypt-' + pool
present_mappers = Command(['ls', '/dev/mapper/']).stdout.decode().strip()
if container_name in present_mappers:
msg = 'verschlüsselter Container ' + container_name + \
' scheint bereits in Verwendung zu sein. Breche ab.'
raise Exception(msg)
print('Öffne verschlüsselten Container\n')
Command([CRYPTSETUP, 'open', '/dev/disk/by-uuid/' + uuid, container_name])
print('')
print('Importiere Pool ' + pool)
# -N: no mount
# -d: directory to search the pool in
Command([ZPOOL, 'import', '-N', '-d', '/dev/mapper', pool])
def present_locally(snapshot):
local_snapshots = get_snapshots(config.local_pool)
for each_snapshot in local_snapshots:
if snapshot in each_snapshot:
return True
else:
return False
def do_backup(dataset, last_local_snapshot, last_remote_snapshot, backup_pool):
print('Sichere Dataset ' + dataset)
#print(dataset, last_local_snapshot, backup_pool, last_remote_snapshot)
#return
if not snapshot_present_in_dataset(dataset, last_remote_snapshot, backup_pool):
print(' Dieses Dataset wurde nicht zur Sicherung eingerichtet.')
print(' Verwende ein Kommando in der Art')
print(' # zfs send -Rv rpool/[DATASET]@zfs-auto-snap_daily-yyyy-mm-dd-hhmm | zfs receive -dvF backupN')
return
if last_local_snapshot == last_remote_snapshot:
print(' Letzter lokaler Snapshot ist identisch mit letzten entferntem Snapshot')
print(' Führe kein Backup für dieses Dataset durch')
return
send = Popen([
ZFS, 'send', '-R',
'-I', last_remote_snapshot,
dataset + '@' + last_local_snapshot],
stdout=PIPE)
# -d Discard the first element of the sent snapshot's file system name
# -F Force a rollback of the file system to the most recent snapshot before performing the receive operation.
# -u File system that is associated with the received stream is not mounted.
receive = check_output([ZFS, 'receive', '-d', '-F', '-u', backup_pool], stdin=send.stdout)
exit_code = send.wait()
if exit_code != 0:
raise Exception('Kritisches Kommando fehlgeschlagen. Breche ab.')
def snapshot_present_in_dataset(dataset, last_snapshot, pool):
snapshots = get_snapshots(pool)
# get just the dataset name without the pool
actual_dataset = dataset.split('/')[-1]
for snapshot in snapshots:
if (actual_dataset + '@' + last_snapshot) in snapshot:
return True
else:
return False
def clean_old_snapshots(dataset, pool):
snapshots = get_snapshots(pool) # full name like 'pool/dataset@snapshot'
# get just the dataset name without the pool
actual_dataset = dataset.split('/')[-1]
#print('actual_dataset', actual_dataset)
for interval in config.keep.keys():
#print('interval', interval)
# e.g. 'data@zfs-auto-snap_daily', 'ubuntu@zfs-auto-snap_hourly', ...
pattern = actual_dataset + '@' + config.snapshot_tag[0] + '.*' + interval
snapshots_in_interval = []
for snapshot in snapshots:
result = re.search(pattern, snapshot)
if result is not None:
snapshots_in_interval.append(snapshot)
snapshots_in_interval.sort()
for i in range(len(snapshots_in_interval) - config.keep[interval]):
to_delete = snapshots_in_interval[i]
print(' Lösche veralteten Snapshot {}'.format(to_delete))
zfs_destroy(to_delete, recursive=True)
def zfs_destroy(full_name, recursive=False):
if config.local_pool in full_name:
msg = 'Wollte in falschem Pool löschen! Dies sollte niemals passieren! Abbruch!'
raise Exception(msg)
else:
cmdline = [ZFS, 'destroy']
if recursive:
cmdline.append('-r')
cmdline.append(full_name)
Command(cmdline)
def main():
if os.getuid() > 0:
print('Muss als root ausgeführt werden.')
exit(1)
datasets = get_datasets_to_backup()
backup_pool = find_backup_pool()
import_pool(backup_pool)
try:
last_local_snapshot = last_snapshot(config.local_pool)
if not last_local_snapshot:
print('Es scheint keine Snapshots im Speicherpool zu geben')
print('Breche ab.')
export_pool(backup_pool)
exit()
last_remote_snapshot = last_snapshot(backup_pool)
if not last_remote_snapshot:
print('Es scheint keine Snapshots auf der Backup-Festplatte zu geben')
print('Breche ab.')
export_pool(backup_pool)
exit()
if not present_locally(last_remote_snapshot):
print("""
Kann keine inkrementelle Sicherung durchführen, da es im Backup und auf dem Server
keinen gemeinsamen Snapshot gibt. Vermutlich wurde diese externe Festplatte vor
zu langer Zeit das letzte mal als Backup verwendet""")
return
for dataset in datasets:
do_backup(dataset, last_local_snapshot, last_remote_snapshot, backup_pool)
clean_old_snapshots(dataset, backup_pool)
finally:
export_pool(backup_pool)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()