add: version 1

.gitignore

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+/target

Cargo.lock

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+# This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
+# It is not intended for manual editing.
+version = 4
+
+[[package]]
+name = "anyhow"
+version = "1.0.98"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e16d2d3311acee920a9eb8d33b8cbc1787ce4a264e85f964c2404b969bdcd487"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zfs_backup"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+]

Cargo.toml

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+[package]
+name = "zfs_backup"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2024"
+
+[dependencies]
+anyhow = "1.0.98"

backup_pool.txt

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+backup

backup_uuid.txt

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+backup.dat

datasets.txt

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+test
+test2

local_pool.txt

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+zroot

snapshot.txt

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+test

src/cmd/cryptsetup.rs

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+use crate::cmd::run_command;
+use std::path::Path;
+
+use anyhow::Result;
+
+pub fn open(path: &Path, name: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    run_command(
+        "/usr/bin/cryptsetup",
+        vec!["open", path.to_str().unwrap(), name],
+    )
+}
+
+pub fn close(name: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    run_command("/usr/bin/cryptsetup", vec!["close", name])
+}

src/cmd/mod.rs

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+pub mod cryptsetup;
+pub mod zfs;
+
+use anyhow::{Result, anyhow, bail};
+use std::process::{Child, Command, Output, Stdio};
+
+fn run_command(cmd: &str, args: Vec<&str>) -> Result<()> {
+    let mut command = Command::new(cmd);
+    command.args(args);
+    command.stdout(std::process::Stdio::null());
+    let status = command.status()?;
+    if !status.success() {
+        bail!("error on running command {} {:?}", cmd, command.get_args());
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn get_output(cmd: &str, args: Vec<&str>) -> Result<Output> {
+    let mut command = Command::new(cmd);
+    command.args(args);
+
+    let output = command.output()?;
+
+    Ok(output)
+}
+
+fn run_command_with_output_pipe(cmd: &str, args: Vec<&str>) -> Result<Child> {
+    let mut command = Command::new(cmd);
+    command.args(args);
+    command.stdout(Stdio::piped());
+    let child = command.spawn()?;
+    Ok(child)
+}
+
+fn run_command_with_input_pipe(cmd: &str, args: Vec<&str>, handle: Child) -> Result<()> {
+    let mut command = Command::new(cmd);
+    command.args(args);
+    command.stdin(Stdio::from(
+        handle.stdout.ok_or(anyhow!("cannot get stdout"))?,
+    ));
+    command.output()?;
+    Ok(())
+}

src/cmd/zfs.rs

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+use std::process::Child;
+
+use anyhow::{Context, Result};
+
+use crate::cmd::{
+    get_output, run_command, run_command_with_input_pipe, run_command_with_output_pipe,
+};
+
+pub fn zpool_import(pool_name: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    run_command(
+        "zpool",
+        vec!["import", "-d", "/dev/mapper", "-N", pool_name],
+    )
+}
+
+pub fn zpool_export(pool_name: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    run_command("zpool", vec!["export", pool_name])
+}
+
+#[rustfmt::skip]
+pub fn zfs_list_snapshots(dataset_name: &str) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
+    let output = get_output(
+        "zfs",
+        vec![
+            "list",
+            "-t",
+            "snapshot",
+            "-H",
+            "-o",
+            "name",
+            dataset_name
+        ],
+    )?;
+    let items = String::from_utf8(output.stdout)?;
+
+    let result = items
+        .lines()
+        .map(|snapshot_raw| {
+            let after_at = snapshot_raw.split_once('@').unwrap().1;
+            String::from(after_at)
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    Ok(result)
+}
+
+pub fn pool_exists(pool: &str) -> bool {
+    run_command("zfs", vec!["list", pool]).is_ok()
+}
+
+pub fn zfs_send_absolute(qualified_name: &str) -> Result<Child> {
+    run_command_with_output_pipe("zfs", vec!["send", "-R", qualified_name])
+}
+
+pub fn zfs_send_incremental(from: &str, to: &str) -> Result<Child> {
+    run_command_with_output_pipe("zfs", vec!["send", "-R", "-I", from, to])
+}
+
+pub fn zfs_receive(qualified_name: &str, child: Child) -> Result<()> {
+    run_command_with_input_pipe(
+        "zfs",
+        vec![
+            "receive",
+            "-d", // discard first element of sent snapshot's filename
+            "-F", // rollback to most recent snapshot
+            "-u", // do not mount received filesystem
+            qualified_name,
+        ],
+        child,
+    )?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn zfs_list_main_datasets(name: &str) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
+    let output = get_output(
+        "zfs",
+        vec!["list", "-H", "-o", "name", "-r", "-d", "1", name],
+    )
+    .context("running zfs list ...")?;
+    let stdout = String::from_utf8(output.stdout).context("converting to String")?;
+
+    let result = stdout.lines().map(String::from).collect();
+    Ok(result)
+}

src/io.rs

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+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+use anyhow::Result;
+
+pub fn read_var_from_file(filename: &str) -> Result<String> {
+    let content = std::fs::read_to_string(PathBuf::from(filename))?;
+    let s = content.trim();
+    Ok(s.trim().into())
+}
+
+pub fn read_vars_from_file(filename: &str) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
+    let content = std::fs::read_to_string(PathBuf::from(filename))?;
+    let s = content.trim();
+    Ok(s.lines().map(|s| s.to_owned()).collect())
+}

src/lib.rs

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+pub mod cmd;
+pub mod io;
+pub mod zfs;

src/main.rs

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+use std::env;
+use std::io::stdin;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+
+use anyhow::{Context, Result, bail};
+use zfs_backup::cmd::cryptsetup;
+use zfs_backup::cmd::zfs::{zpool_export, zpool_import};
+use zfs_backup::io::read_var_from_file;
+use zfs_backup::zfs::{Dataset, Pool, Snapshot};
+
+fn main() -> Result<()> {
+    verify_running_as_root()?;
+
+    decrypt_backup()?;
+    import_backup_pool()?;
+    do_backup()?;
+    export_backup_pool()?;
+    encrypt_backup()?;
+
+    println!("all done");
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn export_backup_pool() -> Result<()> {
+    let pool_name = &read_var_from_file("backup_pool.txt")?;
+    zpool_export(pool_name)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn import_backup_pool() -> Result<()> {
+    let pool_name = &read_var_from_file("backup_pool.txt")?;
+    zpool_import(pool_name)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn do_backup() -> Result<()> {
+    let (local, remote) =
+        load_zfs_pools("local_pool.txt", "backup_pool.txt").context("loading zfs pools")?;
+    let snapshot_tag = read_var_from_file("snapshot.txt").context("fetching snapshot tag")?;
+    let todos = Todo::plan(&local, &remote, snapshot_tag).context("planning todos")?;
+    if ask_user_confirmation(&todos).context("asking user confirmation")? {
+        println!("executing:");
+        execute_todos(local, remote, todos)?;
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn execute_todos(local: Pool, remote: Pool, todos: Vec<Todo>) -> Result<()> {
+    for todo in todos {
+        todo.print();
+        match todo {
+            Todo::Absolute(dataset, snapshot) => {
+                let handle = local.send_absolute(&dataset, &snapshot)?;
+                remote.receive(handle)?;
+            }
+            Todo::Incremental(dataset, common_snapshot, recent_snapshot) => {
+                let handle =
+                    local.send_incremental(&dataset, &common_snapshot, &recent_snapshot)?;
+                remote.receive(handle)?;
+            }
+            Todo::UpToDate(_, _) => (),
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn ask_user_confirmation(todos: &Vec<Todo>) -> Result<bool> {
+    println!("Would to the following:");
+
+    for todo in todos {
+        todo.print();
+    }
+    println!("Continue? [y/N] ");
+    let mut input = String::new();
+    let stdin = stdin();
+    stdin.read_line(&mut input).context("reading input line")?;
+
+    input = input.to_lowercase();
+    if input.starts_with('y') {
+        return Ok(true);
+    }
+    Ok(false)
+}
+
+fn load_zfs_pools(local_pool: &str, backup_pool: &str) -> Result<(Pool, Pool)> {
+    let mut local =
+        Pool::new(&read_var_from_file(local_pool).context("getting local pool from config")?)
+            .context("finding local pool")?;
+    local
+        .load_datasets_from_file("datasets.txt")
+        .context("loading datasets to send")?;
+
+    let mut remote =
+        Pool::new(&read_var_from_file(backup_pool).context("getting backup pool from config")?)
+            .context("finding backup pool")?;
+    remote
+        .get_datasets_from_system()
+        .context("loading remote datasets")?;
+
+    Ok((local, remote))
+}
+
+fn decrypt_backup() -> Result<()> {
+    // let mut uuid = "/dev/disk/by-uuid/".to_string(); // TODO change back
+    let mut pathbuf = PathBuf::from("/home/timeshifter/rust/zfs_backup/");
+    pathbuf.push(&read_var_from_file("backup_uuid.txt")?);
+
+    cryptsetup::open(&pathbuf, "crypt-backup")
+}
+
+fn encrypt_backup() -> Result<()> {
+    cryptsetup::close("crypt-backup")
+}
+
+fn verify_running_as_root() -> Result<()> {
+    let uid = env::var("USER")?;
+    if uid != "root" {
+        bail!("must be run as root")
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+enum Todo {
+    Absolute(Dataset, Snapshot),
+    Incremental(Dataset, Snapshot, Snapshot),
+    UpToDate(Dataset, Snapshot),
+}
+
+impl Todo {
+    fn print(&self) {
+        match self {
+            Todo::Absolute(dataset, snapshot) => {
+                println!("  {dataset}@{snapshot} -> [new]")
+            }
+            Todo::Incremental(dataset, last_common_snapshot, recent_snapshot) => {
+                println!("  {dataset}@{last_common_snapshot} -> ...@{recent_snapshot}")
+            }
+            Todo::UpToDate(dataset, snapshot) => {
+                println!("  {dataset}@{snapshot} is already backed up")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn plan(local: &Pool, remote: &Pool, snapshot_tag: String) -> Result<Vec<Self>> {
+        let mut result = vec![];
+
+        for local_dataset in &local.datasets {
+            let last_snapshot_with_tag =
+                local_dataset.find_last_snapshot_with_tag(&snapshot_tag)?;
+
+            let remote_dataset = local_dataset.change_pool_name(remote);
+            if !remote.contains(&remote_dataset) {
+                result.push(Todo::Absolute(
+                    local_dataset.clone(),
+                    last_snapshot_with_tag,
+                ));
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            let remote_dataset = remote.get_matching_dataset(local_dataset).unwrap();
+
+            let last_common_snapshot = Snapshot::find_last_common_snapshot_with_tag(
+                local_dataset,
+                &remote_dataset,
+                &snapshot_tag,
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+
+            let todo = if last_common_snapshot == last_snapshot_with_tag {
+                Todo::UpToDate(local_dataset.clone(), last_common_snapshot)
+            } else {
+                Todo::Incremental(
+                    local_dataset.clone(),
+                    last_common_snapshot,
+                    last_snapshot_with_tag,
+                )
+            };
+
+            result.push(todo);
+        }
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+}

src/zfs.rs

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+use std::fmt::Write;
+use std::{
+    fmt::Display,
+    path::{Path, PathBuf},
+    process::Child,
+};
+
+use anyhow::{Result, anyhow, bail};
+
+use crate::cmd::zfs::{
+    pool_exists, zfs_list_main_datasets, zfs_list_snapshots, zfs_receive, zfs_send_absolute,
+    zfs_send_incremental, zpool_import,
+};
+use crate::io::read_vars_from_file;
+
+pub struct Pool {
+    name: String,
+    pub datasets: Vec<Dataset>,
+}
+
+impl Pool {
+    pub fn new(arg: &str) -> Result<Self> {
+        let result = Self {
+            name: arg.to_string(),
+            datasets: Vec::new(),
+        };
+
+        if !result.exists() {
+            bail!("pool does not exist")
+        }
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+
+    fn exists(&self) -> bool {
+        pool_exists(&self.name)
+    }
+
+    pub fn send_absolute(&self, dataset_to_send: &Dataset, snapshot: &Snapshot) -> Result<Child> {
+        assert!(self.datasets.contains(dataset_to_send));
+
+        let mut qualified_name = dataset_to_send.0.to_str().unwrap().to_string();
+        qualified_name.push('@');
+        qualified_name.push_str(&snapshot.0);
+
+        let handle = zfs_send_absolute(&qualified_name)?;
+        Ok(handle)
+    }
+
+    pub fn send_incremental(
+        &self,
+        dataset_to_send: &Dataset,
+        common_snapshot: &Snapshot,
+        recent_snapshot: &Snapshot,
+    ) -> Result<Child> {
+        let mut from = String::new();
+        let mut to = String::new();
+        write!(from, "@{common_snapshot}")?;
+        write!(to, "{dataset_to_send}@{recent_snapshot}")?;
+        zfs_send_incremental(&from, &to)
+    }
+
+    pub fn receive(&self, handle: Child) -> Result<()> {
+        zfs_receive(&self.name, handle)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn load_datasets_from_file(&mut self, filename: &str) -> Result<()> {
+        self.datasets = Dataset::from_file(&PathBuf::from(filename), &self.name)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_datasets_from_system(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        let datasets = zfs_list_main_datasets(&self.name)?;
+
+        self.datasets = datasets
+            .iter()
+            .map(PathBuf::from)
+            .map(Dataset::new)
+            .skip(1)
+            .collect(); // first one is the Pool
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn contains(&self, dataset: &Dataset) -> bool {
+        self.datasets.contains(dataset)
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_matching_dataset(&self, dataset_from_other_pool: &Dataset) -> Option<Dataset> {
+        let mut required_name = PathBuf::new();
+        required_name.push(&self.name);
+        dataset_from_other_pool
+            .0
+            .iter()
+            .skip(1)
+            .for_each(|element| required_name.push(element));
+        let matching_dataset = Dataset::new(required_name);
+        if self.contains(&matching_dataset) {
+            Some(matching_dataset)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn import(name: &str) -> Result<Pool> {
+    zpool_import(name)?;
+    let result = Pool::new(name)?;
+    Ok(result)
+}
+
+/// Full path of a ZFS dataset.
+///
+/// E.g. if the name of the pool is `tank`, with the elements `ROOT` and `default` below it, this
+/// struct would contain `tank/ROOT/default`.
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
+pub struct Dataset(PathBuf);
+
+impl Dataset {
+    fn new(path: PathBuf) -> Self {
+        Self(path)
+    }
+
+    fn from_file(filename: &Path, pool: &str) -> Result<Vec<Self>> {
+        let datasets = read_vars_from_file(filename.to_str().unwrap())?;
+        Ok(datasets
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|ds| {
+                let mut pb = PathBuf::new();
+                pb.push(pool);
+                pb.push(ds);
+                Self::new(pb)
+            })
+            .collect())
+    }
+
+    pub fn find_snapshots_like_tag(&self, snapshot_tag: &str) -> Result<Vec<Snapshot>> {
+        let snapshots = zfs_list_snapshots(self.0.to_str().unwrap())?;
+
+        let mut result = vec![];
+
+        for item in snapshots {
+            let snapshot_name = item.split('@').next_back().unwrap();
+            if snapshot_name.contains(snapshot_tag) {
+                result.push(Snapshot(snapshot_name.to_string()));
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+
+    pub fn find_last_snapshot_with_tag(&self, snapshot_tag: &str) -> Result<Snapshot> {
+        let mut snapshots = self.find_snapshots_like_tag(snapshot_tag)?;
+        snapshots.sort_unstable();
+        let result = snapshots
+            .last()
+            .cloned()
+            .ok_or(anyhow!("could not find any snapshots"))?;
+        Ok(result)
+    }
+
+    fn get_snapshots(&self) -> Result<Vec<Snapshot>> {
+        let snapshots_string = zfs_list_snapshots(self.0.to_str().unwrap())?;
+        let snapshots = snapshots_string
+            .into_iter()
+            // TODO should snapshot just take a string?
+            .map(|s| Snapshot::new(&s))
+            .collect();
+        Ok(snapshots)
+    }
+
+    pub fn change_pool_name(&self, new_pool: &Pool) -> Self {
+        let new_pool = new_pool.name.as_str();
+        let mut pathbuf = PathBuf::new();
+        pathbuf.push(new_pool);
+        self.0
+            .iter()
+            .skip(1)
+            .for_each(|element| pathbuf.push(element));
+
+        Self(pathbuf)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for Dataset {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.0.to_str().unwrap())
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Ord, Eq)]
+/// A ZFS snapshot.
+///
+/// If the absolute ZFS path were "zpool/dataset@snapshot", this would contain "snapshot".
+pub struct Snapshot(String);
+
+impl Snapshot {
+    fn new(name: &str) -> Self {
+        Self(name.to_string())
+    }
+
+    pub fn find_last_common_snapshot_with_tag(
+        ds1: &Dataset,
+        ds2: &Dataset,
+        tag: &str,
+    ) -> Option<Self> {
+        let sn1 = ds1.get_snapshots().ok()?;
+        let sn2 = ds2.get_snapshots().ok()?;
+        let mut common = vec![];
+
+        for snapshot in sn1 {
+            if !snapshot.0.contains(tag) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if sn2.contains(&snapshot) {
+                common.push(snapshot);
+            }
+        }
+
+        common.sort();
+        common.last().cloned()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for Snapshot {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.0)
+    }
+}